Linux OS Vs Windows OS

Linux OS Windows OS
General Info
 The Linux kernel released on  Windows was first released in
17th September, 1991 1985.

 Linux was developed by  Windows OS was developed

Linus Torvalds by Microsoft

 The first version of Linux was  Thefirst version of Windows

Version 0.01 OS was Windows 1.0

 Linux combined with the GNU  Windows OS is neither open

system to produce a complete source nor free OS and is the
free operating system property of Microsoft Company
 Windows and Linux

 Both Linux and Windows are based on foundations

developed in the mid-1970s

1970 1980 1990 2000

1970 1980 1990 2000

 Linux OS Windows OS

A commercial version of Linux Windows OS was developed by

was released by Red Hat in the Microsoft .
early 1990’s (combining the OS with
technical support and
documentation)
Linux is an example of Open Windows is the family of operating
Source software development and system (OS) from Microsoft, which is
Free Operating System (OS). the most famous OS in the world.

Linux can be freely distributed,  For desktop or home use, Windows

downloaded freely. There are priced can be expensive. A single copy can
versions for Linux also, but they are cost around $50 to $ 450 depending
normally cheaper than Windows. on the version of Windows.

Linux can be used by everyone  Windows can also be used by

(from home users to developers) everyone (from home users to
developers)
 Linux OS Windows OS
 Linux can be installed on a wide  On PC's servers and some
variety of computer hardware, phones.
ranging from mobile phones, tablet
computers and video game consoles,
to mainframes and supercomputers.

 In Linux, till now there are 60 to  In windows, till now there are
100 viruses listed. 60,000 viruses listed.

 Linux kernel is developed by the  Microsoft created the Windows

community. operating system, but allows other
computer manufactures to distribute
their own computers with Windows
pre-installed.
Both Windows and Linux come in many flavors. All the flavors
of Windows come from Microsoft, the various distributions of
Linux come from different companies (i.e. Linspire ,Red
Hat,Ubuntu…)
Linux OS Windows OS

The flavors of Linux are The older flavors are referred

referred to as distributions . to as "Win9x" and consist of
Windows 95, 98, 98SE and Me.

 All the Linux distributions The newer flavors are referred

released around the same time to as "NT class" and consist of
frame will use the same kernel . Windows NT3, NT4, 2000, XP ,
Vista ,7 and 8 .
 What is it?
 Linux is an example of Open Source software development
and Free Operating System (OS).
 Windows is the family of operating system (OS) from
Microsoft, which is the most famous OS in the world.

Linux OS Windows OS

Cost: Windows can be expensive.

Linux can be freely distributed,
downloaded freely,

There are priced versions for A single copy can cost around
Linux also, but they are normally $50 to $ 450 depending on the
cheaper than Windows. version of Windows.
 Linux OS Windows OS
Manufacturer: Linux kernel is developed Microsoft created the
by the community. Linus Windows operating system,
Torvalds oversees things. but allows other computer
manufactures to distribute
their own computers with
Windows pre-installed.

Usage: Linux can be installed on Windows can be instelled

a wide variety of computer On PC's servers and some
hardware, ranging from phones.
mobile phones, tablet
computers and video game
consoles, to mainframes
and supercomputers.

File system Linux file system in windows file system is flat

hierarchical model type
 Linux OS Windows OS

“ But not in case of

Linux treats Windows.
everything as files
(even printer, hard disk,
etc.,).

Linux process the  But not in case of

process hierarchy, Windows.

Development Linux is developed by Windows is developed

and Open Source and distributed by
distribution: development i.e. Microsoft.
through sharing and
collaboration of code
 Linux OS Windows OS
and it is distributed by various
vendors such as Red Hat, SUSE,
Ubuntu, etc.

GUI: Linux typically provides two GUIs, The Windows GUI is an

KDE and Gnome. But Linux GUI is integral component of the
optional OS and it is mainly
influenced by Apple
Macintosh OS and Xerox.

Security: Linux has had about 60-100 viruses According to Dr. Nic
listed till date. None of them actively Peeling and Dr.Julian
spreading nowadays. Satchel's “Analysis of the
Impact of Open Source
Software”
 Linux OS Windows OS

there have been more than

60,000 viruses in Windows.
Threat In case of Linux, threat After detecting a major threat
detection detection and solution is very in Windows OS, Microsoft
and fast. generally releases a patch that
solution:
can fix the problem and it can
take more than 2/3 months.
 General information
 To run Windows, it has to first be installed to
your hard disk. same thing true for Linux BUT
there are quite a few version of Linux that run
completely from a CD without installing to
hardware called as Active CD. Moreover Linux
can run on Window Like Cygwin but opposite
is not true..
 Comparing the Architectures

Both Linux and Windows are monolithic

 All core operating system services run in a shared address space in
kernel-mode.

 All core operating system services are part of a single module.

Windowing is handled differently:

 Windows has a kernel-mode Windowing subsystem.

 Linux has a user-mode X-Windowing system.

 Scheduling Priorities

31
Windows
Two scheduling classes
Fixed
“Real time” (fixed) - priority 16-31
Dynamic - priority 1-15
16
Higher priorities are favored 15

Priorities of dynamic threads get I/O

boosted on wakeups Dynamic

Thread priorities are never lowered

Windows
 cont…

Linux: 0

Has 3 scheduling classes:

Fixed FIFO
Normal – priority 100-139
Fixed Round-Robin
Fixed Round Robin – priority 0-99
Fixed FIFO – priority 0-99
Lower priorities are favored 99
Priorities of normal threads go up 100
(decay) as they use CPU I/O
Normal
CPU
Priorities of interactive threads go down 140
(boost)
Linux
 System Components of Linux
 Kernel: responsible for maintaining all the
important abstractions of the operating
system, including such things as virtual
memory and processes
 System libraries: a standard set of functions
through which applications can interact with
the kernel, and which implement much of the
operating system functionality that does not
need the full privileges of kernel code
 System utilities: programs that perform
individual, specialized management tasks.
 System Components of
Windows
 The architecture of windows is a layered
system of modules.
 The main layers are the hardware, abstraction
layer, the kernel and the executive that run in
protected mode, and a large collection of
subsystems that run in user mode.
Memory Management of Linux
Two components to memory management
are :
a. First: Physical memory-management
system deals with allocating and freeing
pages, groups of pages, and small blocks
of memory.
b. Second: Handles virtual memory, which is
memory mapped into the address space
of running processes.
 Memory Management of
Windows
 The Win32 API provides several ways for an
application to use memory: virtual memory,
memory-mapped files, heaps, and thread-
local storages.
 One way to use memory is by memory
mapping a file into its address space. Memory
mapping is also a convenient way for two
processes to share memory – both processes
map the same file into their virtual memory.
Memory mapping is a multistage process.
 File Systems of Linux
 Linux kernel handles various different types of
file by hiding the implementation details of any
single file type behind a layer of software, the
virtual file system (VFS)
 File Systems of Windows
 Historically, MS-DOS systems have used the file-
allocation table (FAT) file system. The 16-bit FAT
file system has several shortcomings, including
internal fragmentation, a size limitation of 2 GB,
and a lack of access protection for files. The 32-
bit FAT file system has solved the size and
fragmentation problems, but the performance and
features are still weak by comparison with
modern file systems. The NTFS is much better. It
was designed with many features in mind,
including data recovery, security, fault tolerance,
large files and file systems, multiple data streams,
UNICODE names, and file compression.
 Security of Linux
It’s security model can be classified in two
groups:
a. Authentication: Making sure that nobody
can access the system without first
providing that he has entry rights
b. Access control: Providing a mechanism
for checking whether a user has the right
to access a certain object, and preventing
access to objects as required
 Security of Windows
 Security of an NTFS volume is derived from
the windows object model. Each file object
has a security descriptor attribute stored in its
MFT record. This attribute contains the access
token of the owner of the file, and an access-
control list that states the access privileges
that are granted to each user that has access
to the file.
 Linux OS Vs Windows OS

Thanking You !!!! Rajan Kandel